, on the Isle of Man. On the basis of Winston Churchill’s notorious order, ‘collar the lot!’, all enemy aliens still at liberty in Britain were rounded up in June 1940, when invasion by Germany seemed very likely. My father, who had come to Britain from Germany in February 1938, was a class C ‘enemy alien’ (recognised as a genuine refugee, and officially designated a ‘friendly’ enemy alien). The classifications were made by wartime tribunals set up in Britain in 1939. Those classified ‘A’ were considered to be of highest risk, and likely Nazi sympathisers, and were
, meant that its chief chroniclers represented a cross-section of gender, class and professional status in colonial society, including a range of medical practitioners but also, and perhaps most significantly, women of various social ranks who by necessity and compulsion had been drawn into medical service. This chapter examines the narrative accounts of various participants of the Indian Mutiny, as expressed in diaries and journals largely written and published during 1857–58. Given that these texts are a hybrid form of writing, comprising eyewitness accounts of battle
. Many developed middle-class status, friendships and a permanent life in Canada. At the cricket ground, they were immediately introduced to a uniquely Canadian environment. For example, they needed to use matting (a canvas carpet) on the pitch because the soil was too hard, but they found it easy to carve out a space in which to celebrate their heritage in a multicultural milieu, and therefore to be
gypsies, also known as ‘St. Giles’ Greek’ after the London district associated with vagrancy. 7 During the Regency, the flash language of the London criminal class was made over into a fashionable language and sociable style that linked it with the ‘ton’ and ‘the world’. It took on new and intriguing infusions when it travelled to an antipodean setting from the late 1780s. As the colonial surgeon Peter Miller Cunningham wrote in Two Years in New South Wales (1827): A number of the slang phrases current in St Giles’s Greek bid fair to become legitimised in
, the link with the working class; (c) the broad primacy of politics orientation. In particular, fragmentation and segmentation of decision-making within the macro-system ‘Europe’ do not fit the traditional social democratic ‘love affair with centralized control’ (Sassoon 2006: 24). Most importantly, the fact that the EU ‘seeks to promote wider and deeper markets without establishing a correspondingly full range of compensating and counterbalancing social and regulatory policies’ (Moravcsik and Sangiovanni [n.d.]: 1) is at odds with the principle of welfarism, a
networks, but his sociology of the milieu of creativity can still be usefully applied. In this regard, Latin America’s cities should be counted as centres. Favourable socio-economic conditions and expansion of urban cultures created ideal public spaces for urban modernism (Miller, 2008: 30–6). Cities were expanding, especially where high-volume immigration was involved.Vibrant markets and industries gave the impression of economic dynamism. Education and political systems incorporated the middle classes and touched the working classes for the first time. By the turn
followed by the post-war welfare settlement, which brought universal healthcare and finally abolished the individualistic and stigmatising Poor Law. These key details have formed milestones in the extensive literature on British welfare,1 and this narrative of progression can also be seen in the shifting depiction of welfare in coalfields literature across the time period. Broadly speaking, in 106 DIS ABILITY IN INDU S TRIAL BRITAIN the earlier Victorian and Edwardian novels there is a focus on paternalistic interventions by middle- and upper-class protagonists
of ‘traditional’ family values and ideologies after the war. Just as the post-war period had seen a reassertion of women’s role in the home and the affirmation of associated cultural dogmas, it also witnessed a reassertion of what Mike Savage has called a ‘gentlemanly’ form of sociological research, in which upper-middle-class assumptions were made about normal behaviour and
that the ‘theatrical/Bohemian public sphere’ continued to rely on patronesses, and that the ‘gatherings they facilitated were still important in the artistic world, after the patronage culture had ostensibly given way to market relations, and it is in accounts of the salon that theatrical women can most easily be seen’ (Bratton, 2011: 107). Born in 1868, Enthoven benefited from the social changes that saw women of her class move beyond the salon. She was raised in a tradition of privilege and public service: her father, William Govett Romaine (1815–93), was a
detail. 3 Drawing from the existing historiography, this chapter will thus mainly explore the public or semi-public spheres of healthcare. 4 Healthcare and hospitals before 1795 If we divide the population roughly between the wealthy, the poor and the middle class, there are three different possibilities as to healthcare consumption. To the higher