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. 28 More recently, in a less Arnoldian manner, Carolyn Dinshaw has argued that ‘[d]efined by attachment in a detached world, amateurism in fact condenses a whole range of abjections from the normative modernist life course, including ethnicity and race, economic class, and sex and gender’. 29 Dinshaw's interest in amateurism as ‘a bit queer’ foregrounds the overlap between the
nor protection afterwards. (Whitelock, 1955 : 391) These documents allow the kin to abandon the agitator and, provided they give him no support in the form of food and protection, then he alone bears the responsibility for the feud and its compensation. Notably: [1.] If henceforth anyone slays a man, he himself to bear the feud, unless he can with the aid of his friends within twelve months pay compensation at the full wergild , whatever class he [the man slain] may belong to. (Whitelock, 1955 : 391) It is interesting that the term ‘friends
-shell beads fit into Brugmann’s group C (Hines and Bayliss, 2013 : 208). Rock-crystal beads have not been the subject of a detailed study, but Dickinson ( 1976 : 206) suggested that they tend towards a sixth-century date. Pendants come in a variety of forms; bracteates, for example, have been studied because of their Scandinavian connection, and many English example are copper or silver, not gold. Mogens Mackeprang ( 1952 ) identified five classes and Marit Gaimster ( 1992 ) argued that they may have been in production for just two or three generations during the sixth
. In crafting his authority to limit emendation to specific readers, Chaucer draws on terms commonly found in humility topoi: Corrective reading 31 the terms of correction and emendation. Gower and Strode are ‘to correcte’ the text where they determine that need exists. In asking them to ‘vouchen sauf’, Chaucer requests that they guide and also that they permit such correction, consequently placing Gower and Strode in charge of determining the emendation the text undergoes. Furthermore, in doing so, he suggests that they form a particular class of reader, that of
but already hiding in plain sight, we have a record not only of a female reader of Beowulf adapting it to an entirely unexpected use, but also a fictionalized female reader in the character of Angelina, whose progressive spirit nonetheless encompasses an ability to respond sympathetically to the poem along class lines. In fact, Bryher's novel anticipates debates about the role of women within our field decades before they occurred. In Selina, we find an affirmation of women's capacity to influence others through her role as hostess, securing
, Lincolnshire, was classed as a cremation cemetery, yet Meaney noted that skeletons had also been found (Meaney, 1964 : 151). Subsequent excavations have revealed inhumation graves elsewhere, including at Spong Hill in Norfolk, Snape in Suffolk, and Cleatham in Lincolnshire where about 95 per cent of the site has now been excavated, revealing 1,014 cremation burials and sixty-two inhumations (Hills et al., 1984; Filmer-Sankey and Pestell, 2001 ; Leahy, 1998 ). Baston, also in Lincolnshire, has been only partially excavated, revealing sixty cremations to the south, but
, like weapon use in the early Anglo-Saxon period, skating may expose a person to injury significant enough to cause skeletal trauma. Skating as an activity may be more common among members of certain ethnic or social/economic groups, or genders. A professional skater, for example, might have achieved their status helped by their economic background, which allowed them time to practise, or because some value systems of classes or families valued the activity or sporting achievements where others did not. Moreover, an individual skater might be unique, defying the usual
-Shem” among Medieval Jews,’ Journal of Medieval History 23 (1997), pp. 117–138; S. Goldin, ‘Juifs et juifs convertis au Moyen Age: “Es-tu encore mon frére?,” Annales, Histoire, Sciences Sociales 54 (1999), pp. 851–874; S. Goldin, ‘Jewish Society under Pressure: The Concept of Childhood,’ in: Youth in the Middle Ages, eds. P. J. Goldberg and F. Riddy, York 2004, pp. 25–43; S. Goldin, The Ways of Jewish Martyrdom, Turnhout 2008. 3 Rabbenu Gershom Meor ha-Golah related in his commentary to a kohen (a member of the priestly class) who became a Christian; Rashi explains this