law into national law where this is necessary. Implementation and application of EC law is a separate task which falls to central government; central government agencies;11 local authorities (and, post-devolution, to devolved authorities in Scotland, Wales); and – depending on the peace process – in Northern Ireland. There are two apparently contradictory patterns evident in the management of British European policy. One is a pattern of centralisation. Its centripetal features find expression in: • the co-ordination of European policy by the Cabinet Office European
Muslim reactions to the Ordinance, to which the latter replied that an urgent propaganda campaign was required to prepare Algerian opinion before the final decree was published in September 1959.82 The Algiers government sent out 15,000 questionnaires to the SAS and EMSI teams on 20 February and the responses were synthesised into 432 local reports and then into a global assessment by the Islamic specialist Captain L. P. Fauque in a restricted publication, Stades d’évolution de la cellule familiale musulmane d’Algérie.83 In July Delouvrier signed a joint circular with
-ordinative role, preferring not to contest seriously the authority of federal agencies. In the area of air pollution control and environmental management more generally, there has indeed been a certain devolution of powers to the regional level. However, the regional administration has not found it necessary to establish a department for environmental protection, but has continued its traditionally close co-operation with the regional environmental committee, which represents the federal authorities in the region. As the Soviet system for implementation of the country
November 1975). State structure Unitary, but with considerable devolution of executive and administrative powers to seventeen elected regional assemblies. Government After consultation with the parliamentary party groups, the king appoints the prime minister (President of the Government), who must win a vote of confidence on his proposed government programme in the lower house of Parliament, the Congress of Deputies
, and whose activities escalated as the Parliament progressed. Conservative backbench dissent The behaviour of Conservative MPs between 1997 and 2001 was almost the mirror image of that of Labour MPs in the same period. Whereas Labour 70 Philip Cowley and Mark Stuart MPs rebelled infrequently but in quantity, Conservative MPs rebelled more frequently but – with the exception of some very large rebellions at the beginning of the Parliament over devolution – usually in small numbers.17 In total, there were 163 occasions when Conservative MPs voted against the advice
monopoly over legitimate violence or over the administration of justice (Hansen and Stepputat 2001). The progressive deregulation and arbitrary devolution of state authority has called the very idea of the state into question. Or more precisely, the cogency of the state idea has not so much declined as multiplied. The image of an absolute state authority that dominated generations of colonial and postcolonial actors lives on in the social imaginary, but its empirical referent has become indistinct. ‘The state’ of recent anthropological interest is less an efficacious
’ — and ends with a concluding chapter. Part I sets out the major issues facing national machineries at the conceptual level. In chapter 1, Shirin M. Rai examines the major issues that need to be considered in the evaluation of national machineries. Rai argues that national machineries are part of the process of democratizing the state and hence of good governance. She reflects upon five aspects of democratization that are critical for national machineries: devolution or decentralization; the role of political parties; monitoring and auditing systems of the national
capacity for local executives and local policymakers to better perform their mandate as provided under the Local Government Code. The Code, among others, provides for the devolution of national government powers to LGUs. Among the devolved functions, previously under the Department of Environment and Natural Resources (DENR), are pollution control and solid waste management, management of communal forest resources, integrated social forestry, control over small-scale mining and related functions for the protection of the environment. Fisheries management and regulatory
European scale had changed a good deal: the Netherlands gradually emerged as the principal enemy of Louis XIV, and he began to arrange French diplomacy in Europe as a tool to enable large-scale warfare against the Dutch. This constellation would ultimately commit the Fürstenberg brothers and Christoph Bernhard to the same political camp. Soon after the end of the War of Devolution (1667–1668), Wilhelm von Fürstenberg shifted into high gear as Louis XIV’s principal negotiator in the empire to broker subsidy alliances with German princes – alliances that should, on the
of right action in foreign and defence policy. Much is made of national institutions: flag, armed forces and the constitution. The Conservative Party identified itself closely with the empire and the UK state. Patriotism, however, has caused problems for British conservatism. The empire has gone and, with Welsh and Scottish devolution, the new administration in Northern Ireland, and the advance of European integration, the UK is not what it was