Palmer, a ‘liberal’ British expatriate, working in the ‘non European’ section of the University of Natal. Lily hopes that she can gain educational guidance and friendship from Mabel Palmer. Sibusisiwe Makhanya, one of the first Black social workers in South Africa, tries to act as a mediator between these two women; but what emerges from these letters is a series of misunderstandings caused by cultural ignorance, racism and the fear in whites of having any true, free and equal dialogue with a Black person. The letters speak for themselves, but Shula Marks has written
Contexts and intertexts 1 1 Contexts and intertexts A It may be that writers in my position, exiles or emigrants or expatriates, are haunted by some sense of loss, some urge to reclaim, to look back, even at the risk of being mutated into pillars of salt. But if we do look back we must do so in the knowledge – which gives rise to profound uncertainties – that our physical alienation from India almost inevitably means that we will not be capable of reclaiming precisely that thing that was lost, that we will, in short, create fictions, not actual cities or
fellow expatriates. Commuters complained that they seemed to be taking over the station. As the influx of asylum seekers and migrants expanded rapidly in 2015, there was talk of overflow problems on several levels. Even with their well-established systems of ticketing, identity controls, and surveillance, the smooth transit machines handling travel flows no longer worked. Air travel was rarely an option for refugees. They had to return to improvised ways of travel and border crossings. How to organize a journey from Syria or Libya to Scandinavia or Germany? A
‘transterritorial’ networks in order to overcome the lack of formalized relations. In the case of the 1665 alliance, the English Catholic exile community and its entanglements with the Catholic peerage provided a communication node between the unlikely allies, where more formalized diplomatic contacts were sporadic at best.33 Following Christoph Bernhard’s informal talks with William Temple in Münster, the bishop managed to send an English ‘ex-patriate’, Father Joseph Sherwood, a Benedictine monk of noble descent, to London for the detailed negotiations on the terms of the
acknowledged to be a mere part of the Arab nation, then Kuwaiti oil would be an Arab patrimony to be equitably shared with other parts of the Arab nation, not least the legions of Arab expatriates working in Kuwait. The geographically separate Maghreb has always identified less with Arab nationalism than local statehood. Some Tunisian writers defend the idea of a distinct Tunisian nation and Morocco has a long history under an independent dynasty (Ayubi 1995: 144). Yet in the 1973 Arab–Israeli war Morocco’s pro-Western ruler thought it to his domestic advantage to send a
‘Bulgarian Revival’ ( vŭzrazhdane ) 14 had taken place. The first major Bulgarian political revolutionary was Georgi Rakowski, who died of tuberculosis in 1867, but not before he put on course the idea of overthrowing Ottoman rule. He was followed by journalist Lyuben Karavelov, poet Christo Botev and the main organizer, Vasil Levski (the ‘Apostle of Freedom’). 15 Karavelov, Botev and Levski, as expatriates in Bucharest, formed the Bulgarian Revolutionary Central Committee
1860. A fair amount of work has been done on groups of spiritualists (especially expatriate groups of spiritualists) outside Britain and the United States. Spiritualism and the Atlantic divide 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 31 32 107 Wilkinson (ed.), Autobiography of Emma Hardinge Britten, pp. 22–3. For accounts of predictions of Atlantic shipping disasters see pp. 31–4. Wilkinson (ed.), Autobiography of Emma Hardinge Britten, pp. 22–3. Paul Gilroy, The Black Atlantic: Modernity and Double Consciousness, London, New York, Verso, 1995, p. 4, and see
distinctions between ‘historic’ peoples (Germans, Magyars, Italians) and peoples without history (Slavs, Romanians) (Glajar 2001 : 19) juxtaposed the same temporalities with which Europeans divided places and peoples into civilised and backward zones (Mignolo 2000 ). Viewing European colonial dominance beyond just the direct colonisation of territory overseas meanwhile reveals multiple dimensions of Austro-Hungarian implication in global coloniality: from the travels of expatriate missionaries, doctors, agents and freelance ‘explorers’ ( Chapter 2 ), to short-lived Indian
-confederation Newfoundland, the USA, Bermuda, the Bahamas and India, the IODE was restricted to Canada. In the USA the Daughters of the British Empire consisted of a small number of loyal chapters on the eastern seaboard. In common with women involved in Bermuda and the Bahamas, they were largely British ex-patriates. 16 Alternatively, in India in 1905 Miss Susie Sorabji, a Parsee Christian teacher, organized the Kaiser
Access’, Daily Trust (13 August 2013), www.dailytrust.com.ng (accessed 13 August 2013). 13 By 1908, ‘there were sixty-three medical officers in Nigeria in government service’, although the primary concern of these doctors was maintaining the health of the expatriate population; R. Schram, A History of the Nigerian Health Services