as Oladuah Equiano, whose account of the horrors of the slave trade remains one of the few texts to describe in detail the systematic violence of the Middle Passage, also adopted the language of religious conversion to describe what slavery and the slave trade was like and to suggest that the way out of this violence for masters and slaves alike was through accepting Christian doctrines.25 What made slavery a sin was its violence, as many early abolitionists attested. Granville Sharp, for example, came to abolitionism mainly through seeing West Indian planters in
indexed references. Anonymous, A Reply to Captain Marryat’s Illiberal and Incorrect Statements Relative to the Coloured West Indies, as Published in his Work, Entitled, ‘A Diary in America’, London, E. Justins & Sons, 1840. See Anonymous, A Reply to Captain Marryat, p. 3. The claim is made by a figure signed ‘A Coloured West Indian’. For details of Frederick Marryat’s life see David Hannay, Life of Frederick Marryat, London, Walter Scott, New York and Toronto, W.G. Gage and Co., 1889, and Florence Marryat, Life and Letters of Captain Marryat (2 volumes), London, Richard
Annigoni in 1954–55, when she was in her late 20s. The grey hair and West Indian accent of the film’s fictional painter, Mr Crawford, also recall the bygone heyday of immigration from the Caribbean. Moreover, the character is portrayed by Earl Cameron, best known for the 1950s and 60s film and television melodramas in which he so often played the virtuous victim of racist violence ( Sapphire , Basil
female population of Britain were desperately anxious to join their brothers on ‘active service’ and play their part in Britain’s war effort. Even fully trained nurses found it difficult to persuade the Army Medical Services to accept their offers of help. Yet Luard was one of the first nurses to travel overseas with the BEF.15 Several of Luard’s brothers were already members of – or were soon to join – Britain’s armed forces, and this may have had an important influence on her writing. One brother, Frederick, was a captain with a West Indian Regiment; another, Hugh
College, Dublin (5 February). Chavkin, W. and J. M. Maher (eds) (2010). The Globalization of Motherhood: Deconstructions and Reconstructions of Biology and Care. New York: Routledge. Cohen, L. (2005). ‘Operability, bioavailability and exception’, in Aihwa Ong and Stephen J. Collier (eds), Global Assemblages: Technology, Politics and Ethics as Anthropological Problems. London: Blackwell Publishing, pp. 79–90. Colen, S. (1995). ‘ “Like a mother to them”: Stratified reproduction and West Indian childcare workers and employers in New York’, in F. D. Ginsburg and R. Rapp
of African descent (Virdee 2019: 12). As Colin Dayan (2011) demonstrates, being categorised closer to ‘white’ or ‘black’ was done on parental genealogy (a template that would be copied and refined in white supremacist regimes from the American South to South Africa). The transmission of ‘black blood’ was viewed as a ‘stain’ (Dayan 2011: 49). In turn, this decided whether a subject could be born into slavery or could inherit ‘freedom’. Under West Indian law, for example, being classed as only having one-eighth ‘black blood’ made someone legally white and thus ‘free
brotherhood, and universal happiness’.33 The ideological patriliny, or male line of nationalist influence, is to be repeated upon the future. Expanding a very similar, indeed form-giving network, Nkrumah in his Autobiography notes that he learned politics and African history from meeting people like Dr Aggrey and also Azikiwe, and, later, the West Indian radicals C. L. R. James and George Padmore.34 The constructedness of these accounts of influence may not be immediately apparent in that the writers are in many cases presumably describing actual meetings or contacts at a
presumptive test for blood using guaiac, a West Indian shrub, but the discovery a year later of Schönbein’s hydrogen peroxide test seems to have carried the day. Stewart may have used Van Deen’s guaiac test, although hydrogen peroxide was probably easier to find in Stratford-upon-Avon. See ‘Forensic Science Timeline’ (www.forensicdna.com/ Timeline.htm); Keith Inman and Norah Rudin, Principles and Practice of
thought the ‘memory of those conditions is needed because so many workers, having achieved a reasonable standard of living, believe that the objects of trade unionism have been accomplished’. In contrast, a West Indian-born councillor from Camberwell confessed it meant little to him, as he had not participated in any of the struggles it honoured. He called for the celebrations to be made more relevant, not just for the sake of immigrants but also for native-born youngsters.115 fielding ch 2.P65 54 10/10/03, 12:31 55 Labour’s organisational culture As a result of
care and then fostered. When she was 12 her dad reappeared and she lived with him – although he was in and out of prison – until the age of 19 when she joined the army. Lisa had been prosecuted twice for racially aggravated offences. The first occasion had been more than a decade ago when, after an argument with her dad, a brick she threw at his house had smashed a window of a West Indian club next door. She was prosecuted for racially aggravated criminal damage because she 3.8 Lisa: seeing red 74 Loud and proud: passion and politics in the EDL had called her