priesthood. One further objection to this practice, not considered above, appeals to the civil interest in civic virtue. In a just society, a key element of civic virtue is the disposition to respect other citizens, qua citizens, as equals: the disposition to wish to see them enjoy equal civil and political rights and economic opportunity. And it might be objected that exclusion from the priesthood sends a powerful symbolic message of women’s supposed inferiority that undermines equal respect for women in the wider political community.30 Now, were this the case, and were
that conferred status and credit on this learning, and the diverse political communities that employed and used this credit, meant that Toland acted as a mediator and intermediary between, and across, a number of social, geographical and political spaces. One moment he might be flirting with Sophia Charlotte in Berlin, while another he can be seen defending his reputation from frontal assault by Convocation. In another context he can be observed in clandestine communication with Eugene of Savoy, while writing diplomatic reports for Harley. In all of these moments
to psychoanalytic approaches to self and society, in contemporary westernised political communities both are formed around a lack or excess. Both are inescapably insecure, contingent. EDKINS 9781526119032 PRINT.indd 4 22/02/2019 08:34 introduction 5 They can never be complete – the gap can never be fully closed, or the surplus contained. The lack can be concealed, however, and it usually is – producing a social fantasy that makes us feel secure. The book examined what happens when something shatters the illusion, and reveals the inevitable insecurity and
out into three intimately related questions: firstly, how can we expand who we consider parts of our political communities? Secondly, what do we consider a political enunciation? And thirdly, who do we consider a speaking subject? Accordingly, I ask four related questions: is dance seen as a legitimate avenue to express politics? When does politics occur in dance? Why does politics occur in dance? What conception of political dance does this interchange yield? Those questions will reappear throughout the book in various guises as they provided me with the
intercontinental or interregional forms of trade, production and finance that have fundamentally altered the status of the nation state and national democracy (Held 2010: 28–9).3 The primary effect of neo-liberal globalization is that ‘modern sovereignty’, where autonomous nation states exercise unquestionable authority within bounded political communities and resolve their differences with one another through reason of state and diplomacy, is said to have collapsed (Held and McGrew 2007: 211). This is because neo-liberal globalization has encouraged the deterritorialization of
EU political community, reformers must pay attention to the generation of one. Deliberation is a means by which this sense of community can be created by a process of difference management. It is also open-ended and processbased – which sits well with the evolutionary nature of the European integration process. Deliberative democracy argues that the best form of democratic governance is one in which all those affected by a public policy engage in a process of deliberation: that is, they exchange views, try to understand other actors’ needs and perspectives, and
of the single market) and of a new co-operation procedure upgrading (under certain conditions) the legislative role of the EP, can be said to correspond to what neofunctionalists originally had in mind: the regional centralisation of authoritative decision-making driven by the expansive logic of integration and, eventually, the emergence of a new European ‘political community’. Reflections on the TEU This section considers the state of theorising European integration in the 1990s in relation to the political and constitutional physiognomy of the Maastricht Treaty
. In this case, the very nature of integration follows the stimulating definition, which describes ‘the process whereby 2444Ch1 3/12/02 10 2:01 pm Page 10 Introduction political actors in several distinct national settings are persuaded to shift their loyalties, expectations and political activities towards a new centre, whose institutions possess or demand jurisdiction over the pre-existing national states. The end result of a process of political integration is expected to lead to a new political community, superimposed over the pre-existing ones.’37 The
concerns from the loftier realms of political community. Perhaps, too, rather than suggesting that the students meant nothing by their slogans, these concrete concerns offer some insight into what the students actually did understand by ‘democracy’ – perhaps some version of greater fairness and the opportunity to air grievances. Certainly lack of access to university-level or local leaders was a persistent frustration (see, e.g. Nathan and Liull, 2001: 16). While Macartney’s observation asserts that at the heart of the students’ apparently universalist rhetoric was a
decisions) as if it were analogous to a treaty – or contract! – in which all parties are required to agree. Indeed, this is, I think, why Rousseau insisted that the contract to form a political community must be unanimous. (Moreover, if the members of a community are particularly troubled by the thought of strategic voting, they might choose to introduce a meta-rule to the effect that the decision rule will be chosen randomly once