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attention. Disaster risk management in Nairobi is highly complex, with a lack of clarity in roles and responsibilities within the devolved governance structure. The devolved system of governance in Kenya came into effect in 2010 when the new Constitution of Kenya (ROK, 2010 ) was adopted. Under the constitution there are two overarching levels of governance – national and county government. Nairobi City County is further devolved into sub-county, ward and village levels. Within this formal structure, the chieftaincy plays a key role (albeit informally and contested in
been an enduring reality: the complex and shifting post-apartheid socio-political landscape is an example of transformation in process. For example, Farmbry ( 2014 : 528) points out how a key transformational moment was the development and application of the South African constitution from 1994: this was ‘a transformative constitution, with a goal of building the nation as one with opposing norms than its predecessor and with a set of articulated goals around how a new South Africa might be better than the old’. Ensuring a transformation towards a ‘just’ energy
group is organised is, to a greater or lesser extent, always influential in shaping the behaviour of its members: this is particularly true of institutions where discretion and arbitrary decision making are distinguished by complex, dynamic criteria and instability. In Brazil this correlation is extreme. One example is the military police, owing particularly to the nature of their duties. According to article 144 of the Federal Constitution, the military police are responsible for the public, carrying out a form of uniformed policing that is also known as preventive
geographic information: Future research directions motivated by critical, participatory, and feminist GIS. GeoJournal, 72(3–4): pp. 173–183. Flyvbjerg, B. (2001) Making Social Science Matter: Why Social Inquiry Fails and How It Can Succeed Again. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. Gardiner, M. E. (2012) Henri Lefebvre and the ‘sociology of boredom’. Theory, Culture & Society, 29(2): pp. 37–62. Giddens, A. (1984) The Constitution of Society. Cambridge: Polity Press. González, G. (2013) The use of actor-network theory and a practice-based approach to understand online
exclusionary processes. In the Indian city such practice sustains poor people’s movements that create ‘rights-bearing citizens in the sense imagined by the constitution’ (Chatterjee, 2004 : 38) in juxtaposition to realities confronted by excluded settlements on the margins of society with tenuous hold on a right to the city, the right to have somewhere to live. Bhan describes how in the complex political cartography of early twenty-first-century Delhi local political control by progressive forces uses the practice of squatting to establish a plurality of new ‘mohalla
out and contested. Historicity and contingency I began this chapter by reference to Cox’s claim that IPE is critical theory by virtue of its standing apart from structures in order to explore their historical constitution and transformation. What does it mean to consider social structures and their transformation to be ‘historically constituted’? And is this a sufficient step towards a new IPE that is sensitive to historicity and contingency?12 Certainly the new IPE has made claims to an epistemological selfawareness that infers that all IPE knowledge is
bargaining rounds, so that teams constitute semi-autonomous working groups with concrete involvement in the reorganisation of work. The German debate on skills and training not only stands in tension with the hyperflexible dictates of the OECD’s Jobs Strategy, but also exhibits unresolved tensions in its own terms. The negotiation of skills and training provision through corporatist channels does not result in a societal consensus around the programme. First, the mutual constitution of training arrangements between employers and core workers requires continuous
public sphere or spheres. Publics as well as public spheres do not exist in a social vacuum and their constitution needs to be situated similarly in terms of their geography and history. So any consideration of the efficacy of such city networks in Africa might need to make sense not just of the traffic of communication they facilitate but also the ways in which such communication surfaces in the arenas where community voices, political power and private interests meet across the continent. Wale Adebanwi ( 2017 ) has argued recently that such
this chapter draws is part of the DEPICT ( DE signing and P olicy I mplementation for encouraging C ycling and walking T rips) project, funded by the Economic and Social Research Council (ESRC) (grant ES/N011538/1). Note 1 Although this interview was conducted primarily in English, the right to come and go, known as direito de ir e vir in Portuguese, is a constitutional right in Brazil (art. 5, subsection 15, of the 1988 Federal Constitution). The Portuguese expression thus carries semantic gravity. References Ahmed , S. ( 2010 ). The
. Cartography, unbound I am in an unfamiliar place … momentarily what the map tells me bears little sense of where I think I am. (Newling, 2005: 48) Maps and mappings maintain a curious hold on everyday geographies. On the one hand they enable a slowing down of time-space for navigation, thereby (sometimes) quickening journeys to pre-figured destinations. Moreover, both cartographic reason and the cartographic settlement have helped prise apart a modern constitution of ubiquitous dualisms (Latour, 1993) comprising: rifts between representation and reality, between subject