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Crisis, reform and recovery
led by rogue elements of the Indonesian armed forces.56 In Jakarta alone some “5,000 buildings were damaged or burned and close to 2,000 vehicles were torched” (Azis 1999, 86). Suharto’s son-in-law, General Prabowo Subianto, head of the powerful kostrad (strategic military command based in Jakarta), tried to exploit the situation further with threats and claims that the military was fully behind Suharto (Emmerson 1999, 306–9). In this uncertain and chaotic environment expatriates, businesses and capital fled Indonesia – including the IMF and World Bank staffers based