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view that justice claims are all it involves. For instance, in a brief discussion of environmentalism, Fraser argues that the dispute between ecologists and anti-ecologists can be resolved with reference to the needs of future generations, needs of which only a Kantian, deontological approach can conceptualise. But, as I will argue in Chapter 7, although deontology is the most useful starting point for discussing future generations, any such discussion has to take account of the contingencies of the present and near future. Our conception of future generations will
Social democracy has made a political comeback in recent years, especially under the influence of the ‘Third Way’. Not everyone is convinced, however, that ‘Third Way’ social democracy is the best means of reviving the Left's project. This book considers this dissent and offers an alternative approach. Bringing together a range of social and political theories, it engages with some contemporary debates regarding the present direction and future of the Left. Drawing upon egalitarian, feminist and environmental ideas, the book proposes that the social democratic tradition can be renewed but only if the dominance of conservative ideas is challenged more effectively. It explores a number of issues with this aim in mind, including justice, the state, democracy, new technologies, future generations and the advances in genetics.
studied, it will be possible to give advice with greater confidence than at present . . . Even with our present knowledge it is, however, unquestionable that great benefits might be conferred on future generations by the voluntary renunciation of parenthood by the diseased and by such as are very likely to be the carriers of the hidden seeds of disease. (1929: 25, 33) It takes little imagination to identify faulty mitochondria as one of the hidden seeds of disease, and women with faulty mitochondria as carriers. Renunciation of parenthood has always been an option for
TZP7 4/25/2005 4:55 PM Page 130 7 The welfare of future generations In Chapter 7 we examine one of the many possible links between sustainability and distributive justice (B. Barry, 1999). For instance, we could look at issues of international justice, i.e. between developed and developing worlds, or we could explore the extent to which the concept of justice is applicable to the non-human world. However, despite the relevance of those debates, the issues of sustainability and justice are thrown into sharper relief by addressing the following question: what
7 is also a revision of two earlier pieces of work: ‘Dis/Counting the Future’, Social Policy Review 13 (2001), edited by Rob Sykes, Cath Bochel and Nick Ellison, and ‘Making Welfare for Future Generations’, Social Policy and Administration 35(5) (2001). I am grateful to Policy Press and Blackwell, respectively, for permission to use these. Chapter 8 is a revised version of ‘Before The Cradle: New Genetics, Biopolicy And Regulated Eugenics’, Journal of Social Policy 30(4) (2001). Reprinted with permission of Cambridge University Press. The rest of the book was
to rule out all forms of genetic manipulation (including those that may improve well-being) or we have to distinguish between moral and immoral uses, which means making some difficult decisions about future generations. If we prefer leaving it to nature, then we are in effect disinventing the technology and so making a decision under the cover of a non-decision. In short, whichever way we turn we cannot avoid the necessity of making a choice. And when ‘choice’ joins ‘chance’ in determining future generations’ characteristics, then we are dealing with eugenics. Now
for capitalist gain and alienation of community bonds for individualism. When an Indigenous community endures methods of cultural elimination their ability to steward the land, speak their languages and engage in traditional exchange is stolen. It is not just past generations but present and future generations that are impacted. It can be hard to regain even parts of what has been lost, but when Indigenous nations engage in cultural revitalization, reflection and emancipatory research, it is sometimes possible. Archaeological considerations
, thus, does not mean absence of regulation and lack of accountability. A serious ethical analysis of the various options, the advantages and disadvantages of various alternatives, the long-term consequences of scientific developments and innovations for future generations as well as for those living in other parts of the world, all needs to be part of dialogue on the regulation of research. This volume represents a contribution to this continued analysis. Although it is a small contribution, and certainly limited, I would like to stress the importance that enterprises
comparison to most other models – SDR being the value attached to the welfare of future generations in relation to the present. On the basis of what Stern described as a ‘moral principle’, he set this rate (or, more technically, the ‘pure rate of time preference’) at 0.1%, which means, in effect, that the welfare of future generations will be valued as equal to the welfare of the present generation.11 In addition to the moral argumentation for this choice, Stern presented technical arguments, suggesting that previous modeling of the optimal price of CO2, such as those
by those motivated, above all, by economic goals. Those adopting a dark-green position are also more likely to recognize the various inequalities relevant to environmental issues (Maguire et al ., 2002 ). These include both intergenerational inequalities, whereby future generations are impacted by the environmentally damaging activities of the present day, and inter-species inequalities, which pertain to the impacts of human behaviour on ‘voiceless’ non-humans such as flora and fauna. Ultimately