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40 CONCEPTUAL FRAMEWORKS 2 Gender mainstreaming: conceptual links to institutional machineries kathleen staudt We enter the new millennium with a quarter-century of experience in reflection and practice about women and subsequently gender in development. This experience builds on the voices of many diverse people who share stakes in and support a broad definition of development, used here to mean the enhancement of human capacity in a world that sustains, rather than undermines, its natural resources.1 Such enhancement can hardly occur in a world lacking good
GENDER MAINSTREAMING IN THE PHILIPPINES 131 6 The National Commission on the Role of Filipino Women, the women’s movement and gender mainstreaming in the Philippines1 jurgette honculada 2 and rosalinda pineda ofreneo 3 Introduction The Philippine experience shows that a vibrant women’s movement plays a critical role vis-à-vis a national women’s machinery — lobbying for its creation, providing leadership and direction, pioneering new initiatives such as gender training that are key components of gender mainstreaming, and serving as a gadfly when government fails
The role of national machineries, as a way to promote the status of women, acquired international relevance during the World Conference on the International Women's Year, in Mexico City in 1975. This book reflects Division for the Advancement of Women's (DAW) long-standing interest in the area of national machineries, bringing together the experiences, research and insights of experts. The first part of the book sets out the major issues facing national machineries at the conceptual level. It reflects upon five aspects of democratization: devolution or decentralization; the role of political parties; monitoring and auditing systems; and the importance of increasing the presence of women within institutions of the state and government. The second part is a comparative analysis and sets out the major issues facing national machineries at the political level. A combination of factors, including civil society, state bodies and political actors, need to come together for national machineries to function effectively in the interest of gender equality. Next comes the 'lessons learned' by national machineries in mainstreaming gender. National machineries should have an achievable agenda, an important part of which must be 'a re-definition of gender issues. The third part contains case studies that build upon the specific experiences of national machineries in different countries. The successful experience of Nordic countries in gender mainstreaming is also discussed.
While issues of ‘gender’, notably ‘gender programming’ and ‘gender mainstreaming’ have been prominent in the humanitarian sector for some time, surprisingly little attention has been paid to the ways in which the sector itself is gendered. Gender is often seen as an operational problem and much of the humanitarian literature which deals with this is, thus, problem-solving in nature. Critical approaches which interrogate and question the ways in which gendered logics structure the
2015 ’, 8 February, https://interagencystandingcommittee.org/system/files/iasc_gender_reference_group_-_yemen_gender_alert_july_2015_finalised.pdf (accessed 16 November 2020 ). Inter-Sector Coordination Group ( 2018 ), Review of Gender Mainstreaming in Rohingya Refugee Response in Cox’s Bazar, Bangladesh . Final Report, March, https://reliefweb.int/report/bangladesh/review-gender-mainstreaming
1 Institutional mechanisms for the advancement of women: mainstreaming gender, democratizing the state? shirin m. rai Institutionalizing women’s interests in all areas and sectors of policy at all levels has been a concern of women’s movements worldwide, as well as of international institutions such as the United Nations (UN). Gender mainstreaming has emerged as a strategy for addressing this issue, relevant to all states and public institutions. National machineries for the advancement of women are regarded as appropriate institutional mechanisms for ensuring
in facilitating linkages, interaction and the exchange of experiences among national machineries at the regional level. In July 1997, the Economic and Social Council (ECOSOC) adopted agreed conclusions (1997/2),12 which provided a definition, a set of principles and practical recommendations for action on gender mainstreaming in the UN system, including the need to enhance interaction among UN entities and national machineries for the advancement of women. Following the adoption of the agreed conclusions by ECOSOC, DAW organized a Workshop on Gender Mainstreaming
, preferably at the top of the state hierarchy • Increasing levels of women’s participation in political institutions through quota or other appropriate policies • Administrative infrastructure • Access to the highest policymaking bodies • Access to information needed to monitor state bodies • Transparency of bureaucratic/ state procedures in gender mainstreaming • Lobby the government to establish a national machinery for women in order to mainstream gender equality issues in policy at all levels • Monitor the government’s work on gender mainstreaming from the outside
responsibility for the government’s policy on gender equality. As one of her first tasks the Minister introduced a new organization of the work with gender equality in Denmark. The gender mainstreaming strategy is consolidated as official Danish policy. All ministers have within their remit a responsibility to promote gender equality. The underlying state institutions and organizations will every second year report to the relevant minister on efforts to promote gender equality and all ministers of the government will then report to the Minister for Gender Equality. Each year
change. Furthermore, the processes of change took place in the context of globalization, which impacted upon the economic restructuring of CEE countries, as well as making demands upon their political structures to democratize. The state structure had to deal with these varied pressures. The Platform for Action of the United Nations’ (UN’s) Fourth World Conference on Women (Beijing, 1995) focuses on state structures for implementing gender mainstreaming (see Staudt, chapter 2 of this volume) under the chapter on national machineries for women. The chapter on national