with individuals from refugee backgrounds. The book addresses the overarching question of how individuals from refugee backgrounds use digital technology to fulfil their communication and information needs. In doing so, Leung describes the scenarios and challenges that refugees face in the three stages that typically describe their journeys: before displacement, during displacement (in transit, refugee camps or detention centres) and resettlement. In her analysis, she rejects the simplistic
acknowledges the fact that dealing with migration today in Europe is extremely political. It points to existing maritime law and international humanitarian law to remind states of their obligations. And what’s really interesting since the end of June is that we have ended up in a situation in which rogue European states are deliberately throwing the law to the dogs. Now we know exactly what’s going on in Libya. We know that European states are responsible for refoulement , sending people back to torture, rape and detention in Libya. This is completely
this violence. 2 Misconception 1: Conflict-Related Sexual Violence against Men and Boys Is Almost Always Perpetrated in Detention and Imprisonment A common misconception is that conflict-related sexual violence against men and boys is almost always perpetrated in detention and imprisonment, often as a form of torture. Yet where and when sexual violence against men and boys is perpetrated is dependent on the setting, the type of conflict, the parties to
, Sicily, ordered her release after throwing out two of the charges. The Italian Supreme Court later upheld that decision. For several days, the stand-off involving the Sea-Watch 3 and the Italian government, and the subsequent detention of Rackete dominated the news both in Italy and in Germany. In Italy, Salvini took to Twitter to attack Rackete, accusing her and her crew of being the ‘accomplices of traffickers and smugglers’ and running a ‘pirate ship’ ( BBC News, 2019 ). Both L’Espresso , Italy’s premier news magazine, and its German equivalent, Der Spiegel
freedom. Nor did it provide any official details about the circumstances, detention conditions, kidnappers or their demands. Refusing to answer journalists’ questions about current or past abductions, humanitarian organisations also tend to keep information from their own staff. Unless they personally know the managers handling the kidnappings, aid workers must rely on their organisation’s public version of the facts (i.e. ‘No comment’) and the more or less credible information
international warfare norms ( WHO, 2018 ; ICRC, 2017 ). Moreover, some researchers consider Syria to be the most dangerous place on earth for medical workers in what has been termed to be a ‘weaponisation of health care’ ( Fouad et al. , 2017 ). In 2011, violence against healthcare was taking forms of attacks on health personnel, such as kidnapping, torture and detention, and blocking access to healthcare through deprivation of medical supplies and detention of patients seeking healthcare. Health personnel subjected to this violence were mostly those who were involved in
exploratory mission, it was decided to maintain the Atmeh project on the border (where thousands of displaced people would later seek refuge) rather than go deeper in-country, as this would increase the teams’ exposure to the different forms of violence generated by the war (airstrikes, mortar attacks, armed robberies, kidnapping, arrest, detentions, etc.). New Projects In the wake of the exploratory mission, two
been deeply involved in, reportedly in exchange for cash payments. At sea, this involved financing the Libyan coastguard so it could ‘turn back’ boats they found at sea and forcibly return the people intercepted at sea to the detention centres. Relations between the NGO vessels and the Libyan coastguard rapidly deteriorated, including botched rescues, threats of legal action, shots fired ( Sea-Watch, 2017 ). After July 2017, this policy resulted in
visual editing that reinforced the before-and-after effect: the remedy (relief and care) and the return to the initial state (food, shelter, and education) bring about justice. ICRC movies on prisoners of war thus gave a feeling of ‘weariness’ when prisoners were shown in detention camps, shifting to ‘compassion’ once they returned home ( Clouzot, 1921 : 367–8). Similarly, the spectacle of ‘parentless, homeless, ragged, starving and ill’ children, sometimes ‘piteously begging’, is presented as ‘disconcerting’, ‘sorrowful’, and ‘wholly wrong’, whereas children shown
( Government of Jordan, 1973 ). They must provide extensive documentation to obtain a work permit and pay high annual fees of around US$994 for those in our study. Even refugees meeting these requirements feared jeopardising their UNHCR protection and possibilities for resettlement ( Human Rights Watch, 2021 ; Waja, 2021 ). Sudanese and Somalis faced fears of detention and deportation. A number of Sudanese were deported following protests outside UNHCR